An ethical Homeopathic puzzle

Oscil­lo­coc­cinum is a remark­able sub­stance. It’s a homeo­pathic rem­edy which fights the Oscil­lo­coc­cus bac­terium. Now some scep­tics will balk at that and ask how a homeo­pathic medi­cine can fight any­thing. That’s not a prob­lem in this case as Oscil­lo­coc­cus prob­ably doesn’t exist. That’s a dis­trac­tion. What’s inter­est­ing is Oscil­lo­coc­cinum itself.

Oscil­lo­coc­cinum is made from the extract of heart and liver of a Mus­covy duck. This is diluted to 200CK. The K refers to the method of dilu­tion. You fill a glass with a solu­tion and then empty it. Then you refill the still damp glass with 100ml of fresh pure water. This method assumes you’ve just diluted your solu­tion by one part in a hun­dred. The C is the bit that tells you it’s one part in a hun­dred. So in this case 1ml of heart and liver extract is diluted in 10 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 litres of water. If you took a drop of heart and liver extract and mixed it with all the water in all the oceans on the Earth, it still wouldn’t be any­where near as diluted as Oscillococcinum.

Once I saw that one ques­tion lodged in my mind: “Is it suit­able for veget­ari­ans?“
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Good Homeopaths found!

Hur­rah! I can close the week­end on an upbeat note. Shpal­man has had a look at his area and did not find homeo­paths who claim to cure can­cer, mal­aria, AIDS or scrofula. It would seem that at in at least some areas homeo­paths do all stick to their Code of Eth­ics. It’s nicer to think of them as people who may be a bit incom­pet­ent rather than evil. How incom­pet­ent? Well Shpal­man did find this quote from Oakleigh Homeo­pathy.

Homeo­pathic Rem­ed­ies are pos­sibly the safest form of medi­cine I have come across, an aspect very import­ant to me then, in the care of my small chil­dren, and now in the care of my patients. If the rem­ed­ies are not care­fully matched they simply won’t work, a point born out acci­dent­ally by my chil­dren who dur­ing a lapse of atten­tion man­aged to eat whole bottles full of the rem­ed­ies and had no ill effects whatsoever!

Yes, someone who believes the pills could have a major effect on a person’s health dis­covered they were safe after she let her chil­dren eat bottles of the stuff.

It’s back to archae­ology and ancient his­tory tomorrow.

Is there any disease which a member of the Society of Homeopaths won’t claim to be able to treat?

I’m guess­ing scrofula. So far I haven’t found a homeo­path who will claim to cure scrofula. The Queen has noth­ing to fear. In fact she’s quids in if she catches AIDS because, you’ve guessed it, homeo­pathy can treat AIDS accord­ing to one mem­ber of the Soci­ety of Homeopaths.

I had five minutes so I thought I’d check my home county. It would at least be a com­fort­ing to know that uneth­ical homepaths weren’t on the prowl loc­ally. So I checked the SoH web­site for Derby­shire [Google Cache] [PDF Print]. The second web­site on the list was Helen Coles [Google Cache] [PDF Print]. I think she’s con­vinced me I was far too leni­ent in my pre­vi­ous post as she says:

People suf­fer­ing from all kinds of ill­nesses, from depres­sion to arth­ritis, migraine to ulcers and the more ‘mod­ern’ ill­nesses includ­ing AIDS and ME, can be helped by homeo­pathy to regain their health.

Now as last time I could argue ‘regain health’ means alle­vi­ate symp­toms rather than cure, so she’s not actu­ally say­ing she can cure AIDS. I may feel a revul­sion to the claim but, by itself, it doesn’t break the Society’s Code of Eth­ics. The next sen­tence reads:

Good homeo­pathy will not just drive away the symp­toms but help the patient deal with the cause of the ill­ness and regain good health.

Good homeo­pathy would deal with the cause of AIDS? Now again I could argue that she’s not claim­ing her­self to be a good homeo­path. She’s not said “I can cure AIDS and ME” in so many words. She just put the cure concept snugly up against AIDS and ME. On the other hand if you see someone in black clothes, with sin­is­ter organ music on their iPod and sharp pointy teeth from a joke shop, you have to accept they want to be seen as a bloodsucker.

I think the Soci­ety of Homeo­paths is at a cross­roads. It’s clear that some mem­bers are flout­ing the Code of Eth­ics. In each of the four counties sampled there has been at least one prob­lem with the mem­bers who have web­sites. How much faith should we have the Soci­ety of Homeo­paths stands for high qual­ity health­care? Accord­ing to their dis­claimer:

The Soci­ety of Homeo­paths makes no war­ranties, rep­res­ent­a­tions or under­tak­ings about:

(a) any of the con­tent of this web site (includ­ing, without lim­it­a­tion, the qual­ity, accur­acy, com­plete­ness or fit­ness for any par­tic­u­lar pur­pose of such con­tent), or

(b) any con­tent of any other web site referred to or accessed by hyper­text link through this web site (‘third party site’).

You should con­sult a suit­ably qual­i­fied per­son on any spe­cific prob­lem or mat­ter, which is covered by any inform­a­tion on this site before tak­ing any fur­ther action.

Does that mean none at all?

The Ethics of Homeopathy

homeopaths
A homeopathic photo of Homeopaths. (Note to the Society of Homeopaths legal friends: The pixels containing photos of homeopaths have been been diluted and re-diluted into another photo, so that no detectable pixels from the original photo remains. Thus this is a much more potent photo of homeopaths than orthodox photography. You believe that right?) Undiluted photo Ducking Hell (cc) Gaetan Lee.

I read an interesting article on Respectful Insolence yesterday. It was actually from the Quackometer, but you can't see it on there at the moment. It’s a really good demon­stra­tion of one of the reas­ons why I don’t often blog on medicine.

If you don’t know about this story, here’s the con­densed ver­sion. Put your­self in the place of an hon­est homeo­pathic con­sult­ant. You know that your patients are likely to be very vul­ner­able. They’re ill and they’re prob­ably don’t feel that con­ven­tional treat­ment will help them. Maybe they’re bey­ond the help of sci­entific medi­cine. This makes your patients per­fect tar­gets for all sorts of con-artists and snake-oil mer­chants. This you feel, as a hon­est homeo­pathic con­sult­ant, is a danger. There­fore you’re likely to wel­come a code of eth­ics which states what you can­not do or claim, to ensure the patient is treated with respect.

The Soci­ety of Homeo­paths has such a Code of Eth­ics which you can down­load. Le Canard Noir (which I think is a pseud­onym) at the Quacko­meter did this and found two inter­est­ing clauses:

48: Advert­ise­ments, sta­tion­ery and name plates main­tain a high stand­ard of pro­pri­ety and integ­rity to enhance the repu­ta­tion of homeo­pathy.
• Advert­ising shall not con­tain claims of superi­or­ity.
• No advert­ising may be used which expressly or impli­citly claims to cure named dis­eases.
• Advert­ising shall not be false, fraud­u­lent, mis­lead­ing, decept­ive, extra­vag­ant or sensational.

72: [Homeo­paths are required] To avoid mak­ing claims (whether expli­cit or implied; orally or in writ­ing) imply­ing cure of any named disease.

His art­icle he said that he just checked a ran­dom homeo­path and found someone break­ing both clauses, includ­ing claims of treat­ing mal­aria, which explains why the art­icle title was The Gentle Art of Homeo­pathic Killing. LCN sug­ges­ted that the Soci­ety was not tak­ing its own Code of Eth­ics seriously.

Up went the art­icle. Pre­sum­ably someone at the Soci­ety read it, because the host­ing com­pany for the Quacko­meter received a com­plaint from the Society’s legal rep­res­ent­at­ives. The art­icle had to be pulled because the UK’s libel laws are strict and the host­ing com­pany wanted no part of a legal battle.

Oth­ers are talk­ing about the eth­ics of bul­ly­ing crit­ics through legal intim­id­a­tion rather than ques­tion­ing the facts. In con­trast I thought I’d check the story. Is it really that easy to go from the Soci­ety of Homeo­paths web­site to a site of someone break­ing their code of eth­ics?
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Religion versus Archaeology

The Red Fort
The Red Fort where faith will soon tri­umph over Archae­ology. Photo (cc) dijit­al­boy.

If you’ve been fol­low­ing my del.icio.us feed you’ll have already seen I’ve been read­ing the archae­olo­gical news com­ing out of India recently. I’ve held off com­ment­ing, because I’m not very famil­iar with Indian archae­ology. You should bear that in mind when read­ing on. I’ve also spent a few days try­ing to pull together who believes what happened when. And today I found the post ABC of Ram Sethu at E-mc^2, which says more or less the same thing. As far as I can tell the story is this:

Around 1.75 mil­lion years ago Ravana, King of Lanka was being a pest. As a bit of foresight Ravana had ensured that he was invul­ner­able to the attacks of Gods, Demons and celes­tial folk, but left out men and animal from the list. Vishnu spot­ted the loop­hole and incarn­ated as the human Rama, to get round some legal paper­work. Ravana kid­napped his wife and dur­ing the ensu­ing rum­pus Rama built a bridge to Sri Lanka.

Around 125,000 years ago geo­lo­gical action star­ted to form a bar of rocks and shoals cre­at­ing a string of islands or shal­lows between south­ern India and Sri Lanka.

Around 2000 years ago the poet Valmiki com­posed the Rāmāyaṇa, which described the events of 1.75 mil­lion. Unfor­tu­nately he neg­lected to state whether Rama was homo sapi­ens or homo erectus, which could have helped a lot.

This sets the scene for a con­tro­versy around the dredging of a chan­nel through the Ram Sethu. In 2001 the BJP, then the rul­ing party in India decided a chan­nel through the Ram Sethu might be a good thing. At moment ship­ping has to travel round Sri Lanka. A chan­nel could cut out a day’s travel so they star­ted a feas­ib­il­ity study.
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Spotting Design

Experimental Archaeology
Exper­i­mental Archae­ology. Photo (cc) Wessex Archae­ology.

I wish I was as good an archae­olo­gist as Michael Egnor claims to be. Egnor has recently writ­ten on the Anti­kythera Mech­an­ism from a cre­ation­ist point of view. To be hon­est I dis­agree with some of it, the words mainly, but the spaces and punc­tu­ation on the other hand seem sound. Chris­topher O’Brien has given the words far more atten­tion than they deserve, so if you want a cri­tique of the pro­pos­i­tions ((It took me half an hour to choose that word. Facts as the blog entry makes clear wouldn’t have been the right choice)) then it’s a great read. What I find dif­fi­cult is the repeated claim by cre­ation­ists that you can simply see design.

It’s a com­mon claim. When fun­da­ment­al­ists Cameron and Com­fort are notexhort­ing people to stick banana-shaped objects into their mouths they make claims like: “If you stuck a group of sci­ent­ists in a room with a paint­ing then, with noth­ing from the out­side world, they would con­clude there was a painter.” Now I don’t think they would. I can­not simply see design in com­plex objects, so are the cre­ation­ists wrong or am I thick?
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The Tomb of Jesus

Carl Feagans men­tions the Tomb of Jesus brouhaha. I plan to put up some­thing on this, but I’m hold­ing back for now as I’m wait­ing for a couple of email replies. I’ve sent one to Pro­fessor who pro­duced the 600:1 claim. I’ve tried see­ing the press con­fer­ence to see how he gets that fig­ure, but it’s not work­ing for me. The way they present the data in the doc­u­ment pack sug­gests if you’re not expect­ing Jesus to be mar­ried to Mary Mag­delene then the prob­ab­il­ity falls from 600:1 to around 4:1.

The prob­lem is that the stat­ist­ical ana­lysis is presen­ted as being so ham-fisted that I have to assume some­thing is miss­ing. For instance I can’t work out how His­tor­ical Bias = 4. This is only a sum­mary so I’m only 64.56732% sure this is a spuri­ous fig­ure plucked from the air. There could be harder archae­olo­gical reas­ons for say­ing why this fig­ure is jus­ti­fied from an ana­lysis of more ossuar­ies. Alas, the pack given by Dis­cov­ery, des­pite their claims doesn’t give you the evid­ence to judge for yourself.

You can down­load the pack without work­ing your way through all the Flash nav­ig­a­tion and read a couple of art­icles, a couple of maps and the cal­cu­la­tions for your­self. Map­wise it seems fairly con­clus­ive that the tomb was bur­ied. Article-wise one is read­ing the inscrip­tions and the other is on the con­text of the Ossuar­ies by Prof. Amos Kloner, who doesn’t sup­port the attri­bu­tion of the tomb.

Philica — The journal of everything

While search­ing for OA journ­als I found a new journal Philica. If it works then it looks like it could be an afford­able PLo­SOne for the Humanities.

I want to be pos­it­ive about the journal, I really do. Philica appears to take everything, and I like that. Even if it means a ridicu­lous paper on Intel­li­gent Design in the Philo­sophy sec­tion. They also have open reviews, and I like that too. To an extent. The prob­lem is that the reviews come after pub­lic­a­tion and when they arrive the pub­lic­a­tion is fixed. Some of the art­icles would have been so much bet­ter if they’d been reviewed before being pub­lished. The reviews come from bona-fide pro­fes­sional research­ers, who are also often authors. So often the cred­ib­il­ity of the reviews can be asso­ci­ated with the cred­ib­il­ity of the reviewer’s own research. It’s a good idea. Or at least it will be if it can attract cred­ible reviewers.

You can decide for your­self how likely this is by read­ing some of the art­icles and reviews.

If you don’t debunk alternative archaeology then what’s the… umm… alternative?

UFO
Ancient Sumeri­ans. Photo by Santa Rosa

I had a slight worry a few weeks back. I found a book that tackled a large swathe of altern­at­ive archae­ology telling the truth about it. The sub­title was The Dis­in­form­a­tion Guide to Ancient Civil­iz­a­tions, Aston­ish­ing Archae­ology and Hid­den His­tory. It was a sur­prise because I keep kick­ing around an idea of writ­ing my own dis­in­form­a­tion guide. I flipped it open the con­tents page and found that it’s prob­ably an uncrit­ical trip through altern­at­ive archae­olo­gies greatest hits. So it’s not quite what I want to do.
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